Laboratory Identifications and Relations -- Orbit
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[ Cavernous Sinus ] [ Orbit ]
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[ Pterygopalatine Fossa ]
Orbit - Anterior View
- Supraorbital foramen -- supraorbital nerve, artery and vein
- Infraorbital foramen -- infraorbital nerve, artery and vein
- Supratrochlear nerve, artery, and vein -- anastomosis with angular vein from facial vein
- Infratrochlear nerve, artery, and vein -- anastomosis with angular vein from facial vein
- Lacrimal nerve -- along superior aspect of lateral rectus
- Orbital septum -- divides the face from the orbit
- Superior conjunctival fornix -- lateral portions receives lacrimal secretions (tears)
- Inferior conjunctival fornix -- between inferior tarsal plate and cornea
- Lacrimal ducts -- empty into lateral superior conjunctival fornix
- Caruncle -- near medial palbrebral ligament between superior and inferior lacrimal puncta
- Superior lacrimal punctum -- drains into superior canaliculus
- Inferior lacrimal punctum -- drains into inferior canaliculus
- Superior lacrimal canaliculus -- combines with inferior canaliculus to form common canaliculus
- Inferior lacrimal canaliculus -- combines with superior canaliculus to form common canaliculus
- Common lacrimal canaliculus -- drains into nasolacirmal sac at level of medial palprebral ligament
- Nasolacrimal sac -- posterior to medial palprebral ligament
- Nasolacrimal duct -- inferior continuation of nasolacrimal sac, drains into inferior nasal meatus
- Lateral palprebral ligament -- secures superior and inferior tarsal plates to the lateral orbital rim
- Medial palprebral ligament -- secures superior and inferior tarsal plates to the medial orbital rim, spine
- Superior tarsal plate -- receives insertion of levator palprebral superioris
- Inferior tarsal plate --
- Trochlea for superior oblique muscle - pulley, relation for supratrochlear and infratrochlear nerves
- Superior oblique muscle -- depresses, abducts, medial rotates
- Inferior oblique muscle -- elevates, abducts, lateral rotates
- Anterior ethmoidal artery and nerve -- accessible through orbital septum for ligation
Orbit - Superior View (frontal bone removed)
- Periorbital fascia -- lining of the orbit
- Bulbar fat -- cushions the highly mobil globe and optic nerve
- Optic canal -- within lesser wing of sphenoid bone
- Superior orbital fissure -- between greater and lesser wings of sphenoid bone
- Ophthalmic artery -- passing through optic canal and within annulus tendineus
- Ophthalmic vein -- anterior continuation of cavernous sinus, divides into superior and inferior ophthalmic veins
- Lacrimal nerve (GSA) -- passes along superior border of lateral rectus toward lacrimal gland, transmits GVE postganglionic fibers from facial nerve
- Frontal nerve (GSA) -- terminates as the supraorbital (lateral) and supratrochlear (medial) nerves
- Supratrochlear nerve (GSA) -- passes superior to the trochlea for the superior oblique
- Lateral rectus muscle -- abduction
- Abducens nerve (GSE) -- passes through annulus tendineus, applied to medial (inner) proximal surface of lateral rectus
- Levator palprebrae superioris muscle --
- Superior rectus muscle -- elevation
- Superior division of oculomotor nerve (GSE) --
- Superior oblique muscle -- depression, abduction, medial rotation
- Trochlear nerve (GSE) -- applied to proximal superior border of superior oblique
- Lacrimal gland and ducts -- drain into superior conjunctival fornix
- Ciliary ganglion -- one of the "cops", postganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies, pupil constriction, accommodation
- Inferior division oculomotor nerve (GSE GVE) --
- Motor (short) root ciliary ganglion -- GVE branch from inferior division of oculomotor nerve
- Sensory (long) root ciliary ganglion -- GSA branch from nasociliary nerve
- Sympathetic root of the ciliary ganglion (GVE sympathetic) -- derived from internal carotid plexus within the cavernous sinus
- Short ciliary nerves (GSA) -- derived from ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, continuation of fibers from sensory root. hitchhikers on board
- Zygomatic nerve (GSA V2) - lateral orbital floor, terminates as zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal nerves, transmit GVE postganglionic from facial
- Zygomaticotemporal nerve -- transmits postganglionic GVE fibers from facial nerve
- Zygomaticotemporal canal -- high-lateral orbital wall, close proximity to lacrimal nerve
- Zygomaticofacial canal -- mid-lateral orbital wall
- Nasociliary nerve (GSA V1) -- passes through the annulus tendinous
- Infratrochlear nerve (GSA V1) -- passes inferior to the trochlea for the superior oblique muscle
- Posterior ethmoidal nerve (GSA V1) and artery -- to posterior ethmoidal air cells and sphenoid sinus
- Anterior ethmoidal nerve (GSA V1) and artery -- entering the anterior ethmoidal canal, site of ligation to treat epistaxis
- Superior head of lateral rectus muscle -- bridges the superior orbital fissure and closes the annulus tendineus
- Annulus tendineus -- CNII, CNIII, CNVI, nasociliary nerve, sympathetic root ciliary ganglion, ophthalmic artery (sometimes vein)
- Medial rectus -- adduction
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